JUnit Tutorial | Testing Framework for Java
JUnit tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of unit testing in java with examples. Our junit tutorial is designed for beginners and professionals.
It is an open-source testing framework for java programmers. The java programmer can create test cases and test his/her own code.
It is one of the unit testing framework. Current version is junit 4.
To perform unit testing, we need to create test cases. The unit test case is a code which ensures that the program logic works as expected.
The org.junit package contains many interfaces and classes for junit testing such as Assert, Test, Before, After etc.
Types of unit testing
There are two ways to perform unit testing: 1) manual testing 2) automated testing.
1) Manual Testing
If you execute the test cases manually without any tool support, it is known as manual testing. It is time consuming and less reliable.
2) Automated Testing
If you execute the test cases by tool support, it is known as automated testing. It is fast and more reliable.
Annotations for Junit testing
The Junit 4.x framework is annotation based, so let's see the annotations that can be used while writing the test cases.
@Test annotation specifies that method is the test method.
@Test(timeout=1000) annotation specifies that method will be failed if it takes longer than 1000 milliseconds (1 second).
@BeforeClass annotation specifies that method will be invoked only once, before starting all the tests.
@Before annotation specifies that method will be invoked before each test.
@After annotation specifies that method will be invoked after each test.
@AfterClass annotation specifies that method will be invoked only once, after finishing all the tests.
Assert class
The org.junit.Assert class provides methods to assert the program logic.
Methods of Assert class
The common methods of Assert class are as follows:
- void assertEquals(boolean expected,boolean actual): checks that two primitives/objects are equal. It is overloaded.
- void assertTrue(boolean condition): checks that a condition is true.
- void assertFalse(boolean condition): checks that a condition is false.
- void assertNull(Object obj): checks that object is null.
- void assertNotNull(Object obj): checks that object is not null.
Required jar files
You need to load junit4.jar and hamcrest-core.jar files.
download the junit jar files
Simple JUnit example in eclipse IDE
Let's see the directory structure of this example.
Write the program logic
Let's write the logic to find the maximum number for an array.
public class Calculation {
public static int findMax(int arr[]){
int max=0;
for(int i=1;i<arr.length;i++){
if(max<arr[i])
max=arr[i];
}
return max;
}
}
Write the test case
Here, we are using JUnit 4, so there is no need to inherit TestCase class. The main testing code is written in the testFindMax() method. But we can also perform some task before and after each test, as you can see in the given program.
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import com.javatpoint.logic.*;
import org.junit.Test;
public class TestLogic {
@Test
public void testFindMax(){
assertEquals(4,Calculation.findMax(new int[]{1,3,4,2}));
assertEquals(-1,Calculation.findMax(new int[]{-12,-1,-3,-4,-2}));
}
}
To run this example, right click on TestLogic class -> Run As -> 1Junit Test.
Output:Assertion Error
Let's see the output displayed in eclipse IDE.
As you can see, when we pass the negative values, it throws AssertionError because second time findMax() method returns 0 instead of -1. It means our program logic is incorrect.
Correct program logic
As you can see, program logic to find the maximum number for the given array is not correct because it doesn't return -1 in case of negative values. The correct program logic is given below:
public class Calculation {
public static int findMax(int arr[]){
int max=arr[0];//arr[0] instead of 0
for(int i=1;i<arr.length;i++){
if(max<arr[i])
max=arr[i];
}
return max;
}
}
If you run the junit program again, you will see the following output.
Another example of Junit framework
Write the program code
public class Calculation {
//method that returns maximum number
public static int findMax(int arr[]){
int max=0;
for(int i=1;i<arr.length;i++){
if(max<arr[i])
max=arr[i];
}
return max;
}
//method that returns cube of the given number
public static int cube(int n){
return n*n*n;
}
//method that returns reverse words
public static String reverseWord(String str){
StringBuilder result=new StringBuilder();
StringTokenizer tokenizer=new StringTokenizer(str," ");
while(tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()){
StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder();
sb.append(tokenizer.nextToken());
sb.reverse();
result.append(sb);
result.append(" ");
}
return result.toString();
}
}
Write the test case
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.javatpoint.logic.Calculation;
public class TestCase2 {
@BeforeClass
public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
System.out.println("before class");
}
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
System.out.println("before");
}
@Test
public void testFindMax(){
System.out.println("test case find max");
assertEquals(4,Calculation.findMax(new int[]{1,3,4,2}));
assertEquals(-2,Calculation.findMax(new int[]{-12,-3,-4,-2}));
}
@Test
public void testCube(){
System.out.println("test case cube");
assertEquals(27,Calculation.cube(3));
}
@Test
public void testReverseWord(){
System.out.println("test case reverse word");
assertEquals("ym eman si nahk",Calculation.reverseWord("my name is khan");
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
System.out.println("after");
}
@AfterClass
public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {
System.out.println("after class");
}
}
Output:before class
before
test case find max
after
before
test case cube
after
before
test case reverse word
after
after class
